Wednesday, April 8, 2015

The World's Most Powerful Atom Smasher Restarts With a Big Bang


by Jeanna Bryner, Live Science Managing Editor
April 05, 2015
The world's most powerful atom smasher, the Large Hadron Collider, which provides a window into the universe just milliseconds after the Big Bang, came back to life this morning, after more than two years of maintenance and upgrade work, and it's stronger than ever.
At 10:41 a.m. local time near Geneva, Switzerland (4:41 a.m. ET), a proton beam zipped around the 17-mile-long (27 kilometers) ring-shaped structure. Then at 12:27 p.m. Geneva time, another proton beam trekked around the ring in the opposite direction, officials at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) reported today (April 5).
In the first run of the restart, the LHC hit energies of 450 GeV, where one GeV is equivalent to the mass of a proton. In the coming days, LHC operators plan to amp up the energy of the proton beams to the highest ever achieved. [Photos: The World's Largest Atom Smasher (LHC)]
"After two years of effort, the LHC is in great shape," Frédérick Bordry, CERN director for accelerators and technology, said in a statement. "But the most important step is still to come when we increase the energy of the beams to new record levels."
The LHC is perhaps best known for its detection in 2012 of the long-sought Higgs boson particle, thought to explain how other particles get their mass. Inside the gigantic collider, two proton beams zip around at near light speed in opposite directions. When the two beams collide, various subatomic particles, some unknown to science, are produced. The collider relies on strong magnetic fields (created by superconducting electromagnets) to guide the proton beams; the electromagnets must be chilled to minus 456.3 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 271.3 degrees Celsius), colder than outer space, so they can conduct electricity without resistance or energy loss, according to CERN. Liquid helium helps to keep the system that cold.
The upgrade was a "Herculean task," according to the CERN statement. Teams of scientists consolidated 10,000 electrical interconnections between the magnets, added magnet protection systems and improved various other aspects of the giant collider. Protons will be bunched closer together in the beams inside the upgraded LHC, meaning more collisions.
The new-and-improved LHC will be more powerful than ever, smashing protons together at energies up to 13 trillion electron volts (TeV); for comparison, the atom smasher was running at 8 TeV when it detected the Higgs boson.
Higher energies mean more chances of discovering the exotic particles the LHC was created to find.
"The Higgs discovery was one of the most important scientific achievements of our time," James Siegrist, the U.S. Department of Energy's associate director of science for high energy physics, said in a statement. "With the LHC operational again, at even higher energies, the possibilities for new discoveries are endless, and the United States will be at the forefront of those discoveries."
Beyond finding the Higgs boson, the LHC could produce particles predicted by a theory called supersymmetry that says every particle has a partner. These supersymmetric particles, or sparticles, in turn, could solve the mystery of dark matter, the invisible stuff in the universe that reveals itself only through its tug on normal matter.
With heavier proton beams, the LHC can recreate conditions that existed just a few billionths of a billionth of a billionth of a second after the universe was created. By studying these conditions, physicists hope to figure out why the universe is made mostly of matter and not antimatter.
About 10,000 people from 113 different countries, including seven U.S. DOE national labs and 90 U.S. universities, helped to design, build and upgrade the LHC. LINK

2 comments:

Anonymous said...

I am a Psientist!! A good one that is an INventor as well. These particle machines have done not one damn thing for society. Name one thing? Just one? They speak of things they discover about the big bang, which is pure crap as well. They then name it after one of their cronies, he/she gets published and then spend the rest of their life masturbating the numbers. Wow!!! What idiots. There was no big bang. In fact this is a lame reference to a male ejaculating. Wow, birth without the female. What idiots.

Anonymous said...

And btw, the Universe is much more antimatter than matter Darwinians!! You guys perpetually suck. You and your Godless universe. Why is it that in 25 years all knowledge that came before you is negated for some pinhead that wants a Nobel prize? You pinheads have now have become mathematicians. FLAWED MATHEMATICIANS!!! You do not have to create anything to prove your genius because you have none. I would debate any of you anytime, anyplace. If you want to understand a society, look at its Scientists first. They set the standard for business, politics and all other areas in life. Look at us on Tera. We are struggling to stay alive because the science is all wrong. We have nuclear which is not needed. Cold fusion has be replicated over and over again. Ugh!!! I'm done